Why you should read this article:

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To be prepared as Bayesian statistical analysis is likely to become more commonly applied in nursing research

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To consider how a Bayesian analysis complements null-hypothesis significance testing and adds value to research results

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To explore simple ways to carry out a Bayesian analysis and interpret a Bayes factor result

Background Classical frequentist statistics, including null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST), dominates nursing and medical research analysis. However, there is increasing recognition that null-hypothesis Bayesian testing (NHBT) merits inclusion in healthcare research analysis.

Aim To recommend that researchers complement the P-value from NHST with a Bayes factor from NHBT in their research analysis.

Discussion Reporting the P-value and a Bayes factor clarifies results that may be difficult to interpret using the P-value alone.

Conclusion NHBT offers statistical and practical advantages that complement NHST.