<p>‘Challenging behaviour’ is not a recognisable condition with a single method of care and management. It is a convenient term used to describe a range of behaviours that, according to their severity, persistence and presentation, significantly affect the quality of life for the individual and often for his or her family and friends (Emerson et al 1995). The behaviour may challenge existing service provision, and specialised assessment and intervention may be needed. Peter’s situation (Box 1) showed that behaviours that challenge can significantly reduce opportunities for general social interaction and experiences.</p>