Why you should read this article

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To refresh your knowledge of the indications for stoma formation and the main types of stoma

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To enhance your understanding of the causes of a high-output stoma

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To be aware of the dietary interventions that can be used to manage a high-output stoma

A stoma enables faeces and flatus to be passed through a small surgically formed aperture in the abdominal wall, and may be temporary or permanent. However, in some cases, the output of a stoma can exceed normal limits. Without appropriate management, a high-output stoma can lead to dehydration, electrolyte disturbances and malnutrition in patients. Interventions to manage a high-output stoma include the use of oral rehydration solutions, restriction of hypotonic fluids and dietary modifications. This article reviews the causes of high-output stomas, and describes the assessment and management options available to nurses.