Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes that can reduce patients’ quality of life, and is a major risk factor for foot ulceration and limb amputation. This article outlines the aetiological and pathological factors involved in the development of diabetic foot ulceration through the use of a case study. The role of diabetes foot screening is explored as a preventive measure, and the importance of risk assessment and stratification, and appropriate referral are discussed.