Why you should read this article

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To enhance your knowledge of the pathophysiology of oral mucositis, including its symptoms, causes and risk factors

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To recognise the preventative measures and treatment interventions that may be used in oral mucositis, as well as the importance of optimal oral hygiene

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To understand the nursing role in caring for patients with oral mucositis

Mucositis involves an inflammation of the oral or gastrointestinal mucosa and is a common complication of cancer treatment. Mucositis is usually associated with high-dose chemotherapy, radiotherapy and, more recently, molecular targeted therapy. Oral mucositis refers specifically to inflammation and ulceration that occurs in the mouth. If not treated promptly, it can potentially lead to life-threatening infection requiring hospitalisation and intravenous antibiotics. This article discusses the causes and nursing management of oral mucositis, with an emphasis on self-care and optimal oral hygiene, as well as pharmacological interventions.