Community learning disability nurses need a clear understanding of the concept of ‘role’. This is important because it has implications for role clarity, role perception and role enactment when meeting the healthcare needs of people with learning disabilities. In addition, understanding of ‘role’ prevents role ambiguity and role conflict in the work environment, and can help to ensure appropriate delivery of health care to people with learning disabilities, who often present with complex needs. This article examines literature on role from symbolic interactionist, psychological, anthropological and organisational role-theory perspectives. It also highlights the significance of role ambiguity and examines current role-theory research in community learning disability nursing.